SITE DIRECTORY
To learn more about any of the BCN sites listed below, click “Read more” to view individual site briefs. To search for a specific BCN site, use the search bar below:
Maple Grove Cemetery
MAPLE GROVE CEMETERY
FOUNDED: 1901
ADDITONAL NAMES: N/A
AFFILIATION(S): N/A
HISTORY:
On June 19, 1901, Articles of Incorporation for the Richmond Colored Cemetery Company were signed and filed with the Madison County Court. Four African American men, Private Grandson Boggs, BP Langford, Thomas H. Broaddus and John L. Francis filed the document to be effective July 1st, 1901 for the purpose of conducting business as a cemetery for 50 years on the site.
Maple Grove Cemetery is the largest African American cemetery in Richmond and is located at the corner of East Main and Spring Streets. Additional land was added in 1910 and also several years later.
There are over 1700 grave stones and many unidentified gravesites within the cemetery. There are over 250 Military members interred in the cemetery (Buffalo Soldiers – Spanish American War, United States Colored Troops, US Navy – Messmen, Seaman and Reservist, US Army Air Corp/US Army - Tuskegee Airmen and support staff, U S Army Reservist, Marines, U S Coast Guard member and 2 female military members).
We know that this land was used as a burial place many years earlier than 1901 because the earliest stone is of Sarah Clay dated 1889.
The name of Maple Grove is also a mystery, this land has no formal document that contain that name. Richmond citizens have always referred to the cemetery as Maple Grove but the description does not refer to that name.
Many individuals and groups have maintained the cemetery over the many years. Much history has been uncovered about the people, places and occupations of the many individuals interred in the cemetery. The current caretaker – The Friends of Maple Grove Cemetery have placed historical markers at over 67 gravesites and researched their contributions to Richmond and Madison County.
The Friends of Maple Grove Cemetery, INC was established in October 2020 as a non-profit corporation, operates exclusively as a 501 (c)(3) to provide for perpetual care and maintenance of Maple Grove Cemetery. The Corporation is governed by 11 Board members and is solely supported by donations.
BCN Contact Information:
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Evergreen Cemetery
EVERGREEN CEMETERY
FOUNDED: 1891
ADDITONAL NAMES: N/A
AFFILIATION(S): N/A
HISTORY:
Founded in 1891 by a private African American association, Evergreen Cemetery is the final resting place of an estimated 50,000 people—complete records are not available for the site—among them some of Richmond’s most prominent residents. Maggie L. Walker, a pioneering banker, philanthropist, and entrepreneur, was buried there in 1934. Yards from her lies John Mitchell Jr., outspoken editor of the Richmond Planet newspaper and member of the city’s Common Council from 1888 to 1898. Other luminaries interred at Evergreen include Dr. Sarah Garland Jones, the first African American and first woman licensed to practice medicine in Virginia, and the Reverend J. Andrew Bowler, who helped organize the first school for Black students in Richmond’s Church Hill neighborhood and then served on its faculty for more than fifty years.
For a time in the early 20th century, Evergreen was a preeminent burial site for Black Richmond. But the community it served was increasingly burdened by Virginia’s system of legal discrimination. The weight of Jim Crow placed inordinate pressures on families and organizations, drastically limited economic opportunity, and posed a daily threat to Black people’s health, safety, and dignity. Many African Americans left the area. Others could not afford to continue maintaining family plots, though many families tried.
The 59-acre cemetery began to decline in the mid-20th century, even as the all-white Virginia General Assembly funded upkeep at many Confederate cemeteries. Successive owners have tried and failed to maintain the cemetery, including a series of initiatives led by funeral directors in the 1970s. Newspaper articles from the 1960s and 1970s report on the rampant overgrowth at Evergreen, as well as chronic vandalism. Over the years, volunteer efforts have made some progress at clearing the cemetery, particularly its center section, but have not been able to hold back nature. The cemetery’s last owner, the Enrichmond Foundation, collapsed in 2022. The fate of Evergreen remains unclear as of this writing in February 2023.
BCN Contact Information:
Erin Hollaway Palmer
ehollaway@gmail.com
Woodland Cemetery
WOODLAWN CEMETERY
FOUNDED: 1917
ADDITONAL NAMES: N/A
AFFILIATION(S): N/A
HISTORY:
Opened in 1917, during the Jim Crow era in the capital of the confederacy, Woodland's roads and front gate were built by local African American contractors. In 1916 when the cemetery was under construction, the pond was still in use as indicated by the newspaper advertisement. Families would picnic by the pond and paddle boat in it. Mitchell’s desire was to create a dignified and respectful place for African American families to come and pay homage to their deceased family members. Mitchel named the roads at Woodland after African American heroes of that era as a counter to the erection of the confederate statues on Monument Ave. Not only are the elite of Richmond’s black community buried here but Woodland has served as a dignified resting place for our US veterans of the Spanish-American War, World War I and II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. Woodland Cemetery is a testament to the perseverance, dignity, and the desires of the African American community to be respected. John Mitchell was acutely aware of these feelings and his vision provided a way for respect to be shown with pride.
The significance of this cemetery is that it is evidence of a history that will be lost if we do not preserve it. Our children will grow up ignorant of the accomplishments and contributions of a whole segment of people who greatly contributed to the development of the City of Richmond. Considering the criticism and removal of African American history from our schools, Woodland will be a counter to an unbalanced history that is taught today by referencing the true history of the struggles and accomplishments of African Americans. Without Woodland’s historical contribution our children will not only grow up unaware of their history and leaving many to feel insignificant and marginalized.
BCN Contact Information:
Marvin Harris
mharris@mapinv.com
EAST END CEMETERY
EAST END CEMETERY
FOUNDED: 1897
ADDITONAL NAMES: Greenwood Cemetery
AFFILIATION(S):
Friends of East End Cemetery
HISTORY:
Founded in 1897, East End Cemetery is the final resting place of an estimated 15,000 African Americans, among them some of the most prominent Black Richmonders of the turn of the 20th century. The cemetery was established the year after the U.S. Supreme Court, in Plessy v. Ferguson, affirmed the constitutionality of racial segregation, which followed African Americans to the grave.
Even as Jim Crow laws proliferated across the South, Black Virginians continued to build and nurture their communities and their institutions while fighting to participate in broader civic life. In the decades following the Civil War, they created churches, schools, businesses, social clubs, mutual aid societies. Evidence of these is everywhere at East End.
BCN Contact Information:
Erin Hollaway Palmer
ehollaway@gmail.com
Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground
FOUNDED: 1816
LOCATION: Richmond, VA
ADDITIONAL NAMES: 2nd African Burial Ground
HISTORY:
The Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground was established in 1816 by the City of Richmond, VA as the replacement for the Burial Ground for Negroes (now referred to as the African Burial Ground) in Shockoe Bottom. The new burying ground on Shockoe Hill, was laid out along the northern end of Fifth Street near the city’s poorhouse. It began as two adjoining one-acre plots, one for free people of color and one for the enslaved. The grounds expanded greatly over time to encompass as many as 31 acres. With an estimated 22,000 plus interments, it was/is likely the largest burial ground for free people of color and the enslaved in the United States. After closing the burying ground in 1879 due to overcrowd conditions, the city repurposed the site, making the burial ground unrecognizable today.
There are likely hundreds of thousands, if not millions of descendants of the people who were buried within these grounds all over the United States (though not yet aware of their connections). The burial ground and its people have suffered many abuses/desecrations over its long history, and it remains under threat to this day. Present threats include the DC2RVA high-speed rail project, and the proposed widening of I-64. Please see the Wikipedia page for the Shockoe Hill African Burial Ground for additional information, or any of the other sources listed below.
RESOURCE LINKS:
BCN Contact Information:
Lenora McQueen
shockoehillafricanbg@gmail.com